did catherine de medici have a daughter named clarissa
WebClarissa is the love child of the Catherine de' Medici, and her secret lover Richard Delacroix. [29] Henry gave the Chteau of Chenonceau, which Catherine had wanted for herself, to Diane de Poitiers, who took her place at the centre of power, dispensing patronage and accepting favours. Catherine, Diane, and Prince Francis all fainted. At the age of five and a half, Mary was brought to the French court, where she was promised to the Dauphin, Francis. What has he done? In spite of Henrys abiding attachment to his mistress Diane de Poitiers, Catherines marriage was not unsuccessful and, after 10 anxious years, she bore him 10 children, of whom 4 boys and 3 girls survived. During the period 156468, Catherine was unable, for complex reasons, to withstand the cardinal Lorraine, statesman of the Guises, who largely provoked the second and third civil wars. [12] The final one, the Santissima Annuziata delle Murate was her home for three years. In 1585, Margaret abandoned her husband and was even imprisoned. She begged him to ensure that Elisabeth eats but two meals each day and only bread in between meals. Tragically, Elisabeth had died two weeks earlier after giving birth prematurely. She was Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to King Henry II and the mother of French kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. On 25 November 1579, she wrote to the king, "You are on the eve of a general revolt. In fact, by her death, that land was filled with regrets, and M. de Lorraine mourned her so much that, though he was young when widowed of her, he would not marry again, saying he could never find her like, though could he do so he would remarry, not being disinclined. She also met her daughter Elisabeth at Bayonne near the Spanish border, amidst lavish court festivities. In October 1586, therefore, he had Margaret locked up in the Chteau d'Usson. On 12 May 1588, they set up barricades in the streets and refused to take orders from anyone except the Duke of Guise. The wedding, a grand affair marked by extravagant display and gift-giving,[19] took place in the glise Saint-Ferrol les Augustins in Marseille on 28 October 1533. It is essential to understand this in order to discern the coherence of her career. Hoogvliet, 111. [4] Without Catherine, it is unlikely that her sons would have remained in power. Henry's death in 1559 thrust Catherine into the political arena as mother of the frail 15-year-old King Francis II. Monsieur de Guise is dead. On 18 February 1563, a spy called Poltrot de Mr fired an arquebus into the back of the Duke of Guise, at the siege of Orlans. Clement housed Catherine in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, where she lived in state. At times he even felt well enough to dictate letters and listen to music. [122], Many of Caron's paintings, such as those of the Triumphs of the Seasons, are of allegorical subjects that echo the festivities for which Catherine's court was famous. In 1537, he had a brief affair with Philippa Duci, who gave birth to a daughter, whom he publicly acknowledged. She took to her bed with a fever. Her two children: Franoise de Brz and Louise de Brz. As Guise entered the king's chamber, the Forty-five plunged their blades into his body, and he died at the foot of the king's bed. WebElisabeth is Catherine's "plain Jane" daughter. [20] Prince Henry danced and jousted for Catherine. WebDid Queen Catherine have an illegitimate daughter? She is portrayed by Rebecca Liddiard. She went on to bear Henry a further eight children, seven of whom survived infancy, including the future Charles IX (born 27 June 1550); the future Henry III (born 19 September 1551); and Francis, Duke of Anjou (born 18 March 1555) and Claude (born 12 November 1547). WebClarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of France's boyhood friend Richard Delacroix. Clarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of France's boyhood friend Richard Delacroix. According to a contemporary chronicler, when Catherine was born, her parents were "as pleased as if it had been a boy". [47] As a result, when Francis died on 5 December 1560, the Privy Council appointed Catherine as governor of France (gouvernante de France), with sweeping powers. She later did her best to efface or outdo Diane's building work there. Margaret, however, became almost as much of a thorn in Catherine's side as Francis, and in 1582, she returned to the French court without her husband. [34] Their proxy wedding, in Paris on 22 June 1559, was celebrated with festivities, balls, masques, and five days of jousting. [45] Neither saw the need to punish Protestants who worshipped in private and did not take up arms. "[72] When Jeanne did come to court, Catherine pressured her hard,[73] playing on Jeanne's hopes for her beloved son. Her efforts won Catherine new respect from the French people. [3] In practice, her authority was limited by the effects of the civil wars. In 1556, Catherine nearly died giving birth to twin daughters, Jeanne and Victoire. The problems facing the monarchy were complex and daunting. "[123] Catherine gradually introduced changes to the traditional entertainments: for example, she increased the prominence of dance in the shows that climaxed each series of entertainments. His dying words were "oh, my mother" The day before he died, he named Catherine regent, since his brother and heir, Henry the Duke of Anjou, was in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, where he had been elected king the year before. Years later, Diane, daughter of Henry II and Philippa Duci, had Catherine's remains reinterred in the Saint-Denis basilica in Paris. Her three other daughters did survive to adulthood. Charles and Claude had a happy marriage, and their close proximity to the French court meant that they were able to visit Catherine often. Clarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of Frances boyhood friend Richard Delacroix. Some sources claim that Victoire was the one who was stillborn. Many portraits in her collection were by Jean Clouet (14801541) and his son Franois Clouet (c.1510 1572). She was crowned in the Basilica of Saint-Denis on 10 June 1549. Corrections? Suspicions of poison abounded, from Catherine to Emperor Charles V.[24] Sebastiano de Montecuccoli confessed under torture to poisoning the Dauphin.[24]. Catherine de Medici was best known for being the queen consort of Henry II of France (154759) and regent of France. Henry arrived in the bedroom with King Francis, who is said to have stayed until the marriage was consummated. [96] The death of the heir to the throne in 1584 prompted the Duke of Guise to assume the leadership of the Catholic League. [129] Poets lauded her as the new Artemisia, after Artemisia II of Caria, who built the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus as a tomb for her dead husband. She was the only one of Catherines children to inherit her good health. She was buried, but she went on to escape from her gravesite. [63] The war was ended by the Peace of Longjumeau of 2223 March 1568, but civil unrest and bloodshed continued. In the Treaty of Nemours, signed on 7 July 1585, he was forced to give in to all the League's demands, even that he pay its troops. Webdecade of Catherine de Medicis marriage was attributed to Henry II, who was born with hypospadias and chordee. [125], Catherine de' Medici's great love among the arts was architecture. Over the years, Catherine gave birth to ten children of which five were daughters. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [109] On 23 December 1588, he asked the Duke of Guise to call on him at the Chteau de Blois. Her three other daughters did survive to adulthood. In what has been called a coup d'tat, the Cardinal of Lorraine and the Duke of Guisewhose niece, Mary, Queen of Scots, had married Francis II the year beforeseized power the day after Henry II's death and quickly moved themselves into the Louvre Palace with the young couple. Once in control of the royal purse, she launched a programme of artistic patronage that lasted for three decades. [55] The royal army struck back quickly and laid siege to Huguenot-held Rouen. Blunt, 98, 100. The last two daughters were twins; one of the twins, Joan, died during the delivery and the other, Victoire, died a few weeks later. Knecht 1998, p. 8 (dates of death); Hritier 1963, p. 15 (cause of Madeleine's death). Henry's reign also saw the rise of the Guise brothers, Charles, who became a cardinal, and Henry's boyhood friend Francis, who became Duke of Guise. [53] Guise, who called the massacre "a regrettable accident", was cheered as a hero in the streets of Paris while the Huguenots called for revenge. [51] In January 1562, Catherine issued the tolerant Edict of Saint-Germain in a further attempt to build bridges with the Protestants. She was born at the royal Chteau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where she spent her childhood alongside her sisters, the princesses Elisabeth and Claude. 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She was later captured after villagers accused her of stealing, and she was about to be hanged when King Henry's son Sebastian de Poitiers interceded and decided to bring her to court to face trial. WebIn Inquisition, it is revealed that Clarissa is the illegitimate daughter of Catherine de Medici and was born with a birthmark on her face. [135] Barbara Ketcham Wheaton and Stephen Mennell provided the definitive arguments against these claims. Not interested? Catherine insisted on visiting the field herself and when warned of the dangers laughed, "My courage is as great as yours". They were usually dedicated to the ideal of peace in the realm and based on mythological themes. Catherines letters were often filled with advice and instructions. This lends some weight to the suggestion that people were labelled 'witches' simply because they did not act the way a woman would have been expected to act, or simply to suit personal or political agendas. [77] Whatever the truth, the bloodbath that followed was soon beyond the control of Catherine or any other leader. At the same moment, eight members of the Guise family were rounded up, including the Duke of Guise's brother, Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, who Henry's men hacked to death the next day in the palace dungeons. Catherine also made many visit in returns and Charles was said to be genuinely fond of his mother-in-law. He sent the Duke of Alba to tell Catherine to scrap the Edict of Amboise and to find punitive solutions to the problem of heresy. He planned to block Henry of Navarre's succession and place Henry's Catholic uncle Cardinal Charles de Bourbon on the throne instead. It spread to many parts of France, where it persisted into the autumn. Listed works of art included tapestries, hand-drawn maps, sculptures, rich fabrics, ebony furniture inlaid with ivory, sets of china, and Limoges pottery. Catherine then spent an hour trying to make Margaret presentable again. "[100], Henry was unable to fight the Catholics and the Protestants at once, both of whom had stronger armies than his own. The imperial ambassador reported that in the presence of guests, Henry would sit on Diane's lap and play the guitar, chat about politics, or fondle her breasts. Knecht 1998, p. 28, gives the English translation ""The girl has been given to me stark naked." Their sister Mary of Guise had married James V of Scotland in 1538 and was the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots. She inflicts her emotional pain on her mother and her siblings upon her arrival. The Venetian ambassador, Gerolamo Lipomanno, wrote: "She is an indefatigable princess, born to tame and govern a people as unruly as the French: they now recognize her merits, her concern for unity and are sorry not to have appreciated her sooner. She quickly terminated the second (September 1567March 1568) with the Peace of Longjumeau, a renewal of Amboise. Catherine, who was said to have received the news without emotion, made a tearful visit to Coligny and promised to punish his attacker. Writing that she wanted to see Jeanne's children, she promised not to harm them. [25] Divorce was discussed. 16th-century Italian noblewoman and queen consort of France, Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in. The fourteen-year-old couple left their wedding ball at midnight to perform their nuptial duties. I have had him killed. On 17 August 1563, Charles IX was declared of age at the Parlement of Rouen, but he was never able to rule on his own and showed little interest in government. Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Caterina de Medici, Catherine de Mdicis, Emeritus Professor of Early Modern History, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London. Catherine herself had been educated by Cosimo Ruggeri in astrology and astronomy, which were closely linked in her day[143] and were an academic rather than a Satanic activity,[144] although his general background and favourite status suggests there was more to it than that. Jeanne d'Albret wrote to her son, Henry: "I am not free to talk with either the King or Madame, only the Queen Mother, who goads me [, Holt, 83. Although Catherine spent ruinous sums on the arts,[133] most of her patronage left no permanent legacy. Simply click 'close' in the top right corner to continue reading! Frieda 2003, p. 48 (NY edition): "J'ai reu la fille toute nue." [99] "Take care", she wrote to the king, "especially about your person. [28] Although she sometimes acted as regent during his absences from France, her powers were strictly nominal. Slowly, however, he lost his sight, speech, and reason, and on 10 July 1559 he died, aged 40. Clarissa Delacroix (1539-1557) was the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici and the French noble Richard Delacroix. Moving on to the fortress of Carlat, Margaret took a lover called d'Aubiac. Catherine de' Medici (Italian: Caterina de' Medici, pronounced[katerina de mditi]; French: Catherine de Mdicis, pronounced[katin d medisis]; 13 April 1519 5 January 1589) was a Florentine noblewoman born into the Medici family. "[112] She left in tears. WebCatherine de' Medici married Henry, Duke of Orlans, the future Henry II of France, in Marseille on 28 October 1533. [26] Catherine quickly conceived again and on 2 April 1545 she bore a daughter, Elisabeth. His life was saved by the illness and death of the king, as a result of an infection or an abscess in his ear. [148] Nevertheless, Catherine was never formally accused or prosecuted despite the fact that her reign experienced the greatest number of prosecutions for witchcraft in Italy. royal 28. Under Salic law, by which only males could ascend the throne, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre now became heir presumptive to the French crown.[35]. [127] These included work on the Chteau de Montceaux, Chteau de Saint-Maur, and Chenonceau. "If Monsieur de Guise had perished sooner", she told the Venetian ambassador, "peace would have been achieved more quickly". Born in Florence, she was the granddaughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, niece of Pope Leo X and sister to Lorenzo II de' Medici. Subscribe to our free weekly newsletter and stay up to date on History of Royal Women's articles! In 1533, at the age of 14, Catherine married Henry, the second son of King Francis I and Queen Claude of France, who would become Dauphin of France upon the death of his elder brother Francis in 1536. [104] Philip II of Spain prepared for an invasion of England. The surgery removed part of the birthmark, but left Clarissa greatly disfigured due to the use of potions. Catherine outlived all her children except Henry III, who died seven months after her, and Margaret, who inherited her robust health. She was left with a desire for revenge against her mother, saving Mary, Queen of Scots from Colin MacPhail when Catherine sent Colin to rape her in 1557; she then helped Colin in attempting to escape from prison by marking another prisoner for death in his stead. The Parisians, however, claimed the right to defend the city themselves. At the meeting of the Estates, Henry thanked Catherine for all she had done. She wrote to Bellivre, "Never have I seen myself in such trouble or with so little light by which to escape. As a Farnese he felt no obligation to keep Clement's promises, broke the alliance with Francis and refused to continue paying her huge dowry. Catherine stayed by his bedside, but Diane kept away, "for fear", in the words of a chronicler, "of being expelled by the Queen". Catherine sent Pomponne de Bellivre to Navarre to arrange Margaret's return. As a baby, she was given to Nostradamus' father who tried to remove the mark but only ended up making it worse. In Banished, it is revealed that Diane was responsible for the deaths of Emone and Henrietta . [18] When Francis I of France proposed his second son, Henry, Duke of Orlans, in early 1533, Clement jumped at the offer. [101] He went into hiding to fast and pray, surrounded by a bodyguard known as "the Forty-five", and left Catherine to sort out the mess. Most of the Orsini men were soldiers, a profession which allowed them to amass huge territories around Rome and Naples. At first, Catherine compromised and made concessions to the rebelling Calvinist Protestants, or Huguenots, as they became known. Claude was born on 12 November 1547, and she too suffered from childhood ailments, like her elder sister. WebCatherine eventually gave birth to ten children, beginning in 1543. [4] Some time later, she gave birth to Francis . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Her relationship with her mother never did improve it was as if Catherine resented Margaret for being the healthiest child. [146] As a result, some (more extreme) authors[147] believe Catherine to be the creator of the Black Mass, a Satanic inversion of the traditional Catholic Mass, although there is little to prove this aside from Jean Bodin's account in his book De la dmonomanie des sorciers. "[136][139], Catherine de' Medici has been labelled by Wiccan Gerald Gardner a "sinister Queen noted for her interest in the occult arts". She was left in the care of Nostradamus, who secretly brought her to the French court and allowed for her to live in the secret passageways of the castle, out of the sight of her family, who believed that she had died. Essentially, however, there exists no concrete proof that either woman took part in the occult, and it is now believed that Catherine's trouble in providing an heir was in fact due to Henry II's penile deformity.[142]. She travelled widely across the kingdom, enforcing his authority and trying to head off war. I've never thought that, as they say, you eat little children. Updates? Catherine de Medici was the daughter of Lorenzo di Piero de Medici, duca di Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour dAuvergne, a Bourbon princess related to many of the French nobility. [117], An inventory drawn up at the Htel de la Reine after Catherine's death shows her to have been a keen collector. When King Francis I died on 31 March 1547, Catherine became queen consort of France. "The Louvre: Royal Residence and Temple of the Arts". Claude was described with the words, In her beauty she resembled her mother, in her knowledge and kindness she resembled her aunt; and the people of Lorraine found her ever kind as long as she lived, as I myself have seen when I went to that country; and after her death they found much to say of her. [32] Catherine brought her up with her own children at the French court, while Mary of Guise governed Scotland as her daughter's regent.[33]. [75] A smoking arquebus was discovered in a window, but the culprit had made his escape from the rear of the building on a waiting horse. Catherine wrote to Henry of Charles IX's death: "I am grief-stricken to have witnessed such a scene and the love which he showed me at the end My only consolation is to see you here soon, as your kingdom requires, and in good health, for if I were to lose you, I would have myself buried alive with you. After Alfonsina's death in 1520, Catherine joined her cousins and was raised by her aunt, Clarice de' Medici. Victoire and Jeanne were twin daughters born in 1556; Jeanne was stillborn due to surgeons breaking her legs to save her mother's life;[a] Victoire survived, dying less than two months later. The young couple had been married the year before at Amboise as part of the alliance between King Francis I of France and Lorenzo's uncle Pope Leo X against the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Catherine-de-Medici, World History Encyclopedia - Catherine de' Medici, History Learning Site - Biography of Catherine de Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de Medici, duca di Urbino. [65] She told the Venetian ambassador in June 1568 that all one could expect from Huguenots was deceit, and she praised the Duke of Alba's reign of terror in the Netherlands, where Calvinists and rebels were put to death in the thousands. On 24 June 1556, Catherine gave birth to twin daughters Joan and Victoire. [119] After Catherine's death, a decline in the quality of French portraiture set in. WebMaybe it goes without saying (because The CW did make a whole TV show about it called Reign), but Catherines daughter-in-law was the equally infamous Mary, Queen of Scots. Piero II de Medici+ b. They depict events held at Fontainebleau in 1564; at Bayonne in 1565 for the summit meeting with the Spanish court; and at the Tuileries in 1573 for the visit of the Polish ambassadors who presented the Polish crown to Catherine's son Henry of Anjou. [92] Her role in his government became that of chief executive and roving diplomat. He sought the support of France's constitutional bodies and worked closely with Catherine to defend the law in the face of the growing anarchy. The long-term future of the Valois dynasty, which had ruled France since the 14th century, seemed assured. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [35] There is reason to believe she was party to the decision when on 23 August Charles IX is said to have ordered, "Then kill them all! Rumours immediately spread that Catherine had ordered Joans death, but she had nothing to gain the wedding contract had already been signed. The murder triggered an aristocratic blood feud that complicated the French civil wars for years to come. He depended on Catherine and her team of secretaries until the last few weeks of her life. This afforded the Calvinists licensed coexistence with specific safeguards. At the time, Henry was besieging Paris with the King of Navarre, who would succeed him as Henry IV of France. The challenges Catherine faced were complex and in some ways difficult for her to comprehend as a foreigner. L'Estoile wrote: "those close to her believed that her life had been shortened by displeasure over her son's deed. [21] King Francis lamented, "The girl has come to me stark naked."[22]. She was one of the most influential personalities of the CatholicHuguenot wars (Wars of Religion; 156298). Margaret later recalled that she saved the lives of several prominent Huguenots during the massacre by keeping them in her rooms and refusing to admit the assassins. Henry of Navarre, son of Jeanne dAlbret, and Margaret of Valois, Catherines daughter. Claude gave birth to Catherines first grandson, named Henry, on 8 November 1563. [116] She was inspired by the example of her father-in-law, King Francis I of France, who had hosted the leading artists of Europe at his court, and by her Medici ancestors. [128], Catherine had emblems of her love and grief carved into the stonework of her buildings. [81] On 29 September, when Navarre knelt before the altar as a Roman Catholic, having converted to avoid being killed, Catherine turned to the ambassadors and laughed. WebDuring this time, Catherine had an affair with Richard, and had a baby girl with him, who became the castle 'ghost', Clarissa. Princess Henriette, Princess Henriette, Princess Margaret, and Clarissa all died young, leaving Catherine with an illegitimate daughter. [130] As the centrepiece of an ambitious new chapel, she commissioned a magnificent tomb for Henry at the basilica of Saint Denis. She may have owed her change of fortune to the physician Jean Fernel, who may have noticed slight abnormalities in the couple's sexual organs and advised them how to solve the problem. Because their birth very nearly cost Catherine her life, the king's physician advised the king that there should be no more children; therefore, Henry II stopped visiting his wife's bedroom and spent all his time with his longtime mistress, Diane de Poitiers. Where was Catherine de Medici born and raised? Elizabeth I of England's execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, on 8 February 1587 outraged the Catholic world. It has been suggested that Catherine educated her son, Henry III, in the dark arts,[145] and that "the two devoted themselves to sorceries that were scandals of the age". The regency was traditionally the preserve of the princes of the blood. "[112] She visited her old friend Cardinal de Bourbon on 1 January 1589 to tell him she was sure he would soon be freed. Catherine could not hold back her sobs. Art historian Henri Zerner has called this monument "the last and most brilliant of the royal tombs of the Renaissance. Clarissa Delacroix(1539-1557) was the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici and the French noble Richard Delacroix. Clarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of France's boyhood friend Richard Delacroix. They finally married on 18 August, but Margaret persisted until the end, she offered no resistance, she gave no assent. Her head was pushed down by her brother as if she were nodding yes and so she became the Queen of Navarre. [70] After Catherine's daughter Elisabeth died in childbirth in 1568, she had touted her youngest daughter Margaret as a bride for Philip II of Spain. Rumours of Henry's inability to produce children were by that time in wide circulation. Margaret, however, was secretly involved with Henry of Guise, the son of the late Duke of Guise. In fact, a large population of Italiansbankers, silk-weavers, philosophers, musicians, and artists, including Leonardo da Vincihad emigrated to France to promote the burgeoning Renaissance. From that day, Catherine took a broken lance as her emblem, inscribed with the words "lacrymae hinc, hinc dolor" ("from this come my tears and my pain"), and wore black mourning in memory of Henry.[36]. In this cause, he recruited the great Catholic princes, nobles and prelates, signed the treaty of Joinville with Spain, and prepared to make war on the "heretics". However, she failed to fully grasp the theological issues that drove their movement. This she envisaged in terms of the marriage of her daughter Marguerite to the young Protestant leader, Henry of Navarre (later Henry IV of France), and alliance with England through the marriage of her son Henry, duc dAnjou, or, failing him, his younger brother Franois, duc dAlenon, to Queen Elizabeth. [108] Henry did not tell Catherine of his plan for a solution to his problems. "[111] Catherine's immediate reaction is not known; but on Christmas Day, she told a friar, "Oh, wretched man! Catherine's daughter, Marguerite, was understandably not thrilled with a scheme that involved her mother seducing her husband by proxy. Died in infancy. [120], Beyond portraiture, little is known about the painting at Catherine de' Medici's court. [11], In 1527, the Medici were overthrown in Florence by a faction opposed to the regime of Clement's representative, Cardinal Silvio Passerini, and Catherine was taken hostage and placed in a series of convents.